Robert Mugabe became President of Zimbabwe in 1980. He was then a popular hero, having fought to liberate the country from white minority rule under the Rhodesian Front.

Mugabe’s time as President has seen the ruin of the country. His government has been criticised as riddled with corruption, and with high unemployment and runaway inflation Zimbabwe is now suffering financial disaster. There have also been reports of frequent attacks on his political opponents as he seeks to cling to power, including the use of wide-spread intimidation and of torture, and he is accused of having stolen the last election.

Five weeks ago, there was a Presidential election, and a real hope that Mugabe might be ousted. Things in Zimbabwe have become so bad that it seemed possible that Mugabe would no longer be able to control the opposition to him.

Following the election, Mugabe’s rival Morgan Tsvangirai quickly claimed outright victory. He didn’t have direct access to the ballots, but as a measure to promote fairness polling stations had been required to post local results, and Tsvangirai’s MDC party said that according to these results he had won 50.3% of the vote, more than the 50% required to make him the new President.

Meanwhile, Mugabe’s Zanu PF party refused to publish the results, amidst claims that they were looking for ways to rig them.

Today, finally, the official results were announced, giving Tsvangirai a win but not a large enough share of the vote to avoid a second round of voting with just him and Mugabe on the ballot paper. Whether or not Tsvangirai really won the vote outright is a mystery.

Both parties have some access to the results (ability to see), Tsvangirai’s to those posted outside the polling stations and Mugabe’s to the actual ballots cast, which makes them more credible.

Both have a clear vested interest to lie about the results in order to snatch power, however, damaging their credibility.

Although Mugabe’s reputation for rigging elections gives him the least credibility, without a neutral observer able to operate unhindered by Zanu PF it pretty much impossible for us to know what the outcome of the election really was.

The inquest into the death of Princess Diana is drawing to a close, and the coroner Lord Justice Scott Baker has been summing up to help the jury to reach a verdict. Among other things, he has advised them on the credibility of one of the witnesses at the inquest, Diana’s butler Paul Burrell.

The BBC summarised his comments about Burrell like this:

Lord Baker suggested to the jury that Mr Burrell may have given evidence while thinking that “whatever he said might have an impact on his future enterprises”. Mr Burrell worked for Diana from 1992 and described himself as “Diana’s rock” - but Lord Baker said he was “quite a porous rock” given that many of the princess’ secrets were made public. The coroner said: “I advise you to proceed with caution especially if you are left with the impression that he only told you what he wanted you to hear. “On the other hand he was close to Diana and was particularly well-placed to hear information that others were not. The fact that he has not told you the truth on some occasions does not mean you cannot accept anything he he has told you. But you should proceed with caution.”

[Source: BBC News: Diana's butler 'obviously' lying]

In other words, although Burrell, being close to Diana, has a good ability to see, his vested interest to advance his own career means that he can’t be relied on.

How far would you stretch the truth to impress people?

A chef from Swindon faces losing his US cooking show after it was discovered that he had lied about his achievements. His desire to promote himself to open up career opportunities seems to have got the better of him.

Robert Irvine claimed to have made part of Charles and Diana’s wedding cake, and to have prepared meals for Presidents, despite having only picked fruit for the cake and worked in the White House mess. He also claimed to have a Knighthood, and that the Queen had given him a Scottish castle as a present, both of which Buckingham Palace dispute.

Irvine had not only worked on Dinner: Impossible, but had also written a book to accompany the show and lent his name to a “Royal Titanium” cookware range (which some vendors are now withdrawing from sale).

Irvine is far from alone in getting a career boost from half-truths, however; reportedly, one in four people lie on their CVs. Vested interest can affect us all.